What is papillary mesothelioma?

What is papillary mesothelioma?

 

Papillary mesothelioma or WDPM (Well-Differentiated Papillary Mesothelioma) is a form of epithelial mesothelioma that is somewhat rar and an uncommon varitation of epithelioma mesothelioma. It is frequently diagnosed in women, More often it is diagnosed in women particularly when they are in their procreative or reproductive stages. It doesn’t mean that only women are the target of this type of tumor, men are too not safe enough.

Where the tumor is localized?

Typically papillary mesothelioma affects the membrane of abdominal cavity or it is also called peritoneum. The good thing about this tumor that it is not dangerous to health, in other words it is quite benign. This tumor is also present in the membrane of lungs (pleura) as well as it can be in the male reproductive system, it is more often seen in tunica vaginalis.

Usually no pain is caused due to papillary tumor. On the other hand, this type of mesothelioma is not necessarily linked with the exposure of asbestos like other types of mesothelioma.

Treatment

This is a relatively a rare kind of mesothelioma, so there are no particular standards in terms of treatment. In this type of malignant mesothelioma oncologists usually shrunk the tumor by radiation therapy or chemotherapy or they remove the tumor through surgical process. Surgery is generally preferred because it is somewhat rare that the tumor spreads out in other part of the body. In many cases, re-occurrence of the disease may perhaps happen. However, this doesn’t mean that it will develop in a mesothelioma cancer.  

So be informed and take a good care of your health!

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Mixed|Biphasic Mesothelioma

Biphasic/ Mixed Mesothelioma are now becoming the most major type of mesothelioma. About 46-63% cases of mesothelioma are now seen having biphasic type of tumor. This type of tumor is basically is the combination of epithelial mesothelioma and sarcomatoid mesothelioma. Furthermore, this tumor consists of two different types and also the tumor is present in different parts. Eventually this makes a lot easier to diagnose rather than the diagnosis of sarcomatoid and epithelial mesothelioma. It doesn’t have a distinctive cell structure because it is consists of two different cell types. To sum up briefly if a patient is diagnosed with the biphasic/mixed tumor, basically it is diagnosed by both tumors that are sarcomatoid and epithelial mesothelioma.

Treatment

The treatment options for the biphasic mesothelioma are the same as epithelial mesothelioma and sarcomatoid mesothelioma. The treatments can be used alone or can be in combination of different options of treatment.

Mesothelioma treatment can be divided into two wide categories. These comprise of traditional mesothelioma treatment and new mesothelioma treatments.

Traditional treatment includes radiation therapy, surgery and chemotherapy. In some cases all the three approaches are applied to the patient keeping in mind his/her condition and stage of cancer. This is done to achieve the very best results, to live a quality and a better life and to increase survival rate. These traditional treatments, I have already discussed in my previous post!

Now from my viewpoint the most interesting way of treatment something very new!!!!!!

The new ways of treatments include gene therapy, IMRT (Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy), immunotherapy, PDT (photodynamic therapy) and also advancements of new chemotherapy agents. The great thing which I consider about these treatments like immunotherapy, gene therapy and photodynamic therapy, gives us a lot hopes to live a very healthy life! These treatments are used in combination with the traditional ones but these are the major breakthrough in the field of medical science.

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Asbestos Exposure: Causes and Risks

Asbestos is a group of minerals with fine microscopic fibers. Since these fibers are resistant to heat, fire and chemicals, and non-electrically conductive, asbestos was mined and widely used in construction, automotive and other industries used.

If products containing asbestos are disturbed, tiny fibers are released into the air. If they are inhaled, they can be trapped in the lungs and remain there for many years. Over time, these fibers can accumulate and cause serious health problems, including:

Asbestosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs, shortness of breath, coughing, and eventually scarring of the lungs that makes breathing difficult can cause.
Mesothelioma, a rare cancer that affects the lining of the lungs, the chest or abdomen.

Lung cancer.
Other problems with the respiratory tract, including pleural plaques (changes in the membranes surrounding the lungs), thickening of the mucous membrane around the lungs, and pleural effusions (abnormal collections of fluid between the lung and the inner wall of the chest.
Studies have also an association between asbestos and other cancers, including cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, throat, kidney, brain, bladder, larynx, gallbladder proposed, and others. However, the evidence is not conclusive.

Asbestos: Causes and Risks

Asbestos at work can occur at home or community. Used degraded and commercially since the 1800s, asbestos was used in many products including: tiles, including brake shoes and brake pads car clutch, building materials, ceiling and floor paints, varnishes and adhesives, plastics, garden products with vermiculite and talc- containing crayons. Was due to the regulations and health concerns, asbestos is far less widespread than a few decades ago.

Most poisonings occur when asbestos asbestos workers, but there is some evidence that family members of workers heavily exposed to asbestos face an increased risk of mesothelioma, probably brought on account of exposure to asbestos fibers home on clothing, skin and hair. Cases of mesothelioma have also been observed in people living near asbestos mines.

Another group at increased risk for diseases associated with asbestos workers are given in 11 September 2001, involved attacks on the World Trade Center in New York. Asbestos was used in the construction of the North Tower, and hundreds of tons of asbestos were released into the atmosphere during the attack.

Several factors are how asbestos exposure affects an individual involved. These include:

• How much asbestos a person was exposed
• How long the person has been exposed
• The composition of size, shape and chemical properties of asbestos fibers
• The presence of other lung diseases
• Smoking also increases the risk of problems associated with asbestos exposure.

There are various forms of asbestos. While all forms are considered hazardous, different types of asbestos fibers with different health risks are associated. For example, the results of several studies suggest that amphibole (which have longer, more durable fibers) forms may be more harmful than chrysotile forms (which have crimped fibers), particularly for mesothelioma risk, because they tend to be longer in the lungs.

Asbestos cancer and other health problems will take many years to develop. Most cases of lung cancer or asbestosis in asbestos workers occur 15 or more years after initial exposure to asbestos. For mesothelioma, the latency is even longer. The delay between exposure to asbestos and mesothelioma original was generally 30 years or more.

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Zeolites and Mesothelioma Cancer

Mesothelioma and asbestos exposure has long been linked. Since the early days of the Holy Roman Empire has been noted that the slaves who worked in asbestos mines have lung problems are severe, and died at an early age. But in recent decades it has become clear that there are other potential causes for the development of a rare form of cancer.

A study conducted by McDonald and McDonald in 1980 showed that About a 25-33 per cent of all mesothelioma cancer cases have no connection whatsoever with asbestos exposure. However, the study found leading some other specific causes. One is the exposure of the zeolite.

What is zeolite?

Known in scientific terms as alkali aluminum silicate hydrate. Zeolites are a group of minerals that contain most of the hydrated aluminum and silicon compounds. Their common name among others Clinoptilolite, Erionite, Phillipsite, and Mordenite. They are found in volcanic rock and ash, and is sometimes used as an additive in animal feed. Because of their porous structure, zeolites can be used as an absorbent (absorbent material), textile printing materials, detergents, and as purifying water and air.

Zeolites have also been used in several medical fields, among others, as a supplement to get drunk and auxiliary therapy for various types of cancer (not FDA approved this treatment). But there is still a lack of data supporting the efficacy of the effectiveness of zeolite and no conclusions about whether the zeolite is safe. As a mineral that has a systemic effect on the body, Zeolite also remains unclear to date and requires further research.

Relationship zeolites with mesothelioma

It is clear that somehow the zeolite dust exposure was associated with an increased risk of developing malignant mesothelioma (malignant mesothelioma). In simple terms it can be said zeolite is carcinogenic when inhaled. As a fact, the International Agency for Research on Cancer puts zeolites in the list of Group 1 carcinogen. Inidiberikan categorization when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenic properties in humans causes of mesothelioma.
Erionite is a form of zeolite fibers which are clearly associated with an epidemic of mesothelioma in villages in the Anatolian Plateau of Turkey. In the village the local volcanic tufa filled with toxic zeolite fibers. A report on the epidemic of 2006 published in the March 15 Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

Doctors in Turkey began the study during the 23 years that followed 891 men and women living in three villages of different regions in Turkey's Cappadocia. Residents of two villages have been exposed to erionite. The third village is used as a control village. During the study starting from 1979 until 2003 as many as 372 people have died. Of the number who died is known to as many as 119 people stricken with mesothelioma cancer and die from the disease or complications of the disease as well. In two villages where the population is exposed to the toxic mineral known deaths from pleural mesothelioma by 44.5 percent. Whereas in the third village only 2 deaths caused by mesothelioma, and even then they both know that when they are born not from a controlled villages.

Analyzer data, including from the Harvard professor Philippe Grandjean, MD, Ph.D., to determine due to mesothelioma in two events. Erionite villages filled with 200-700 cases occur per 100,000 people annually. In the village there were only 10 cases controlled every 100,000 people. Therefore, the conclusion is that long term exposure to erionite was responsible for a very high incidence of asbestos cancer cases in certain villages of Cappadocia in Anatolia Plateau.

After the study was complete, the authors suggest that local authorities were concentrating on ways to prevent exposure to hazardous environments of zeolite fibers with the hope of lowering the risk population for developing the disease mesothelioma.

Natural sediment erionite has been found in several western U.S. states, especially Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Oregon, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana. A report on ereonite / zeolite in the U.S. (Rom, WN, KR Casey, WT Parry, CH Mjaatvedt and F. Moatamed. 1983. Health implications of natural fibrous zeolites for the Intermountain West. Environ Res 30 (1): 1 - 8) notes that local residents are known as the "Intermountain West" may be exposed to fibrous zeolite from wind gusts and therefore susceptible to the development of mesothelioma. The state of North Dakota is currently conducting a study related to exposure to erionite areas known to have these vast mountains.

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Mesothelioma Asbestos Compensation

In general, the monetary deposit for mesothelioma is looking for damages resulting from their devastating diagnosis. Those who fight against these diseases difficult to see how it feels to have the messages they receive to describe an incurable disease like mesothelioma. Though nothing can add years to the life of someone who is terminally ill, is seeking compensation for peace of mind to asbestos in many patients who suffer from these diseases.

This type of compensation can be used to replace lost wages, medical bills or to pay to participate in costly remedial measures or non-urgent treatment that will alleviate the suffering of patients. Patients may also receive these funds, a consultant, then it better with mental disorders who are ready to be out of position. Qualified asbestos lawyers can help individuals navigate through the process of obtaining the compensation to which they feel entitled.

To advocate an application of asbestos, you have to switch to give a definitive diagnosis of asbestos-related diseases like mesothelioma. A biopsy is almost always necessary to diagnose the blocking state. It is important to give full medical documentation associated with the asbestos lawyers with the claim that because these documents will likely be requested at any time in case of dispute. Some people must feel they are entitled to compensation because they worked in a place where asbestos was used, but this is not the case. If a diagnosis of the disease was scored, the asbestos compensation will be granted.

Because it can take 30 years to manifest the first symptoms of mesothelioma, after a person exposed to the substance, we think asbestos-related litigation for a long time running mass tort in history of the United States to be. Unlike many diseases, there is no known cause, asbestos can damage claims were almost identical to those diagnosed with mesothelioma or diseases of asbestos can be created. Asbestos lawyers are generally very familiar with the lawsuit mesothelioma compensation. Therefore, to ensure the best possible result, it is normally seek in their own interest to use the services of a professional.

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Mesotherapy Treatment

Mesotherapy Treatment - Mesotherapy is an alternative treatment technique developed by French physician Michael Pistor in 1952. The technique is used in Europe and South America for a broad array of indications, including body contouring, fat reduction and alleviating chronic pain. Although there are no controlled scientific studies validating the safety and efficacy of mesotherapy, the technique remains popular among some practitioners and patients. Serious mesotherapy-related complications have been reported in the medical literature.

Mesotherapy Treatment is a non-surgical cosmetic medicine treatment. Mesotherapy employs multiple injections of pharmaceutical and homeopathic medications, plant extracts, vitamins, and other ingredients into subcutaneous fat. Mesotherapy is a non surgical cosmetic solution aimed at diminishing problem areas in your body such as cellulite, excess weight, body contouring, and face/neck rejuvenation, just to name a few. It is administered via numerous injections containing various types of FDA approved medicines, vitamins, and minerals. Mesotherapy has a variety of applications which include: reduction of localized fat, cellulite treatment, breast/face/neck rejuvenation, and pain reduction. Therefore, the injected solution is individually prepared depending on the localization and purpose of the treatment for Mesothelima Cancer

Mesotherapy is performed to actually melt away unwanted localized deposits of fat from your body. During the mesotherapy procedure your doctor uses a very tiny needle (about the size of an eyelash) to paintessly make multiple injections of the medications into the targeted area. for overall weight lass your doctor may inject larger areas to cause a general dissolution of the fat over your body. When treating cellulite, one formulation of medications may be used to dissolve the fat and another to destroy the fibrous bands that bind the skin, in same cases, a special injection device may be used to deliver the injections.

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Mesothelioma Cancer

Mesothelioma cancer

 

Symptoms of mesothelioma cancer may take decades to develop, and by the time the illness is diagnosed, it may be in the later stages. mesothelioma cancer is most hopeful when the tumor can be surgically removed. Mesothelioma is a cancer associated with exposure to asbestos. Once a realatively obscure disease that meant little to the general public, mesothelioma is now known to be among the most aggressive and difficult to treat tumors oncologists yet have encountered.

Mesothelioma which is sometimes referred to as asbestos Symptom cancer, is an aggressive cancer caused primarily by the inhalation of asbestos fibers. The disease attacks the mesothelium, a protective, two-layered membrane that covers the internal organs of the body including the lungs, heart and abdominal organs. Between these layers, the cells produce fluid, which allows easy movement of the heart and lungs within the chest cavity.  The layer that covers the lungs is called the pericardium, which is where pericardial mesothelioma is known to occur. The peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity.  Mesothelium also lines the male and female reproductive organs.   Mesothelioma can affect any of these cells, but is usually seen in the pleural or peritoneal mesothelium. The most commonly diagnosed form of this cancer is pleural mesothelioma.

Malignant mesothelioma, in general, is a very painful disease and because it is usually not diagnosed until it's in an advanced stage. For this reason, the mesothelioma symptoms are typically quite serious. Late diagnosis also means that the cancer is more likely to have metastasized, or spread, making successful mesothelioma treatment even more difficult.

Mesothelioma is most often diagnosed in its late stages, a diagnosis that is often devastating to the individual and his/her family. Though research into the disease has been ongoing, there is currently no cure for mesothelioma. Some patients may be candidates for surgery to remove tumors or even an entire lung, but most are better treated with radiation or chemotherapy. More often than not, these treatments are palliative, serving to lessen the severity of the symptoms of the disease rather than offering a cure.

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Sarcomatiod (Sarcomatous mesothelioma)

What is Sarcomatous Mesothelioma?

The least common type of mesothelioma is Sarcomatiod or Sarcomatous Mesothelioma. Only 10-20% cases of this type of cancer are recorded up till now. The tumor cells of Sarcomatiod Mesothelioma are usually mistaken by other types of cells. Furthermore, their oval and irregular shapes make them more difficult to identify under a microscope as compared to biphasic or epitheliod tumors. 

As a result of the diagnostic delay, Sarcomatiod Mesothelioma becomes the most fatal type of mesothelioma. After the diagnosis, life expectancy is more or less of six months.

But if someone is diagnosed by this type of tumor so what treatments are best for him/her?

Treatment

Even though the treatments are similar to the other types of tumors which are epithelial and biphasic but the worst thing about Sarcomatiod tumor that it is the most resistive one. To be very honest the treatments which are given to patient of sarcomatiod mesothelioma is not curable. It is just the treatment has a focus on that how can make the life comfortable and prolong as much as possible for the patient who is suffering from this tumor. 

The patients of sarcomatoid mesothelioma have treatment options like surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Not only they can opt for these treatment options they can also go for immunotherapy (use to destroy tumors) and gene therapy.

Ask your physician for clinical trials if you are suffering from Sarcomatiod mesothelioma. So that he can provide you with the best and modern treatment option according to your present condition!

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Epithelial Mesothelioma

What is Epithelial Mesothelioma?

It is the most common type of mesothelioma which occurs in 50-70% of mesothelioma patients. This cancer relates to epithelial tissues (membranes which cover all body’s organs). Epithelial cells cancer makes up more or less of 85% of all cancers.

Like all types of Mesothelioma cancer, Epithelial Mesothelioma is also caused by the exposure of Asbestos. Even though Mesothelioma is still considered a fatal disease, but the diagnosis of Epithelial Mesothelioma is considered far better than any other types.

After that now come to the types of Epithelial Mesothelioma!

Types of Epithelial Mesothelioma

By now every one of us knows mesothelioma is caused due to the breathing in of fibers of asbestos. Therefore, the epithelial mesothelioma generally occurs in the region of respiratory system. As a matter of fact let me tell you about 60% of epithelial mesothelioma occur in pleura (which is the membrane of lungs). This type of mesothelioma is called Pleural Mesothelioma.

Peritoneal Mesothelioma is the second most common type of epithelial mesothelioma. This type of mesothelioma also caused due to the inhalation of asbestos fibers present in air. It occurs in the membrane or lining of abdomen.

The rarest type of epithelial mesothelioma is Pericardial Mesothelioma which occurs in the membrane or lining of heart. It is an idea that when the fibers of asbestos through lungs come into the bloodstream, they make their way to the heart.

Instantly, the next question will arise in your mind how it is treated?

Treatment

The treatment of epithelial mesothelioma compromised of radiation therapy, chemotherapy or surgery or perhaps any combination of all three! The treatment of yours mainly depends on the location and the stage of the cancer.

If you have recently being diagnosed by epithelial mesothelioma, you should have very in-depth understandings of your present situation and for this you should seek advice from your physician and ask each and every question regarding your health and medical care. So be informed!

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Gene Therapy Use for Treating Cancer and Mesothelioma!

What are genes and genetic disorders?

Genes are the basic unit of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Genes are the functional unit of heredity, which is passed by our parents to us. Every one of us has around 30,000 to 40,000 genes which are responsible to find out different things like the colour of our eyes or hair and also the ability of clotting of our blood (hemophilic). A unique protein is being created by genes, which is used for cellular function; this is the actually the appearance of genes which has its effects. If the genes have some defects it could not create protein and when this happens the trouble arises.

Every one of us got some defective genes from our parents; some of the genes that we received have two copies; one from our father and the other one from our mother and most of the time these defective genes has no affect on us. But if we received the same defective genes from both parents the genetic disorders might get itself revealed.

There are many disorders in our body that is not hereditary, but it has some connections regarding our genes.  The reason for these complicated disorders is environmental issues and multiple gene mutations. These disorders involved diseases like diabetes, Cancer and heart disease. These kinds of disorders has more affect on people rather than monogenic disorders(a genetic disease that is controlled by one pair of genes – like Thalassaemia, Haemophilia). These complicated disorders make it very challenging to treat them.                                                  

Gene Therapy

This is the most wonderful breakthrough in field of Health that is you can alter defective genes by replacing or removing the abnormal genes or even introducing new normal genes to prevent or treat yourself with the disease. Researchers are correcting the defective genes by adding normal genes to the genome and also replacing the defective ones.

To carry out these procedures the researchers must know the actual location of these specific genes and should be aware when, how and why these genes do these functions so that they can find a new way bring the new information to genome. Bringing the genes to their desired location is done by a carrier molecule called vector. Viruses are the most common vectors which have the capability to deliver foreign geneses to the cells. Because of the alteration of these viral vectors they will not cause illness. There is another type of vector that is called non-viral vectors.

Some commonly used vectors in gene therapy are:

Viral Vectors

• Herpes simplex viruses
• Adeno virus
• Adeno-associated viral

Non- Viral Vectors

• Naked DNA
• Liposome

Now come to the topic which is can we treat Cancer and Mesothelioma with it?

The primary objective of gene therapy is to eliminate the root cause of the disease. Basically the genes carry the instructions about making the proteins and other building blocks necessary for cell to function. If the instructions of genes are missing or it is incorrect a person may be lacking a healthy cell. The researchers don’t deal with the effects of defective genes instead they try to deliver the proper instructions to your cell by avoiding negative effects.

Obviously the primary goal of gene therapy is to deal with genetic disorders. In earlier time it was thought that the genes are fixed it could not be altered or changed throughout our life. Our DNA can be damaged by smoking, chemicals or sun and results in to mutations that cause defective hereditary behavior. A person initially which can’t be seen for gene therapy certainly is a target like a Mesothelioma patient.

Mesothelioma is complicated disorder. This disorder is a result of mutation of genes due to environmental cause like exposure of Asbestos and can also be inherited genetic mutations. For developing Mesothelioma smoking of cigarettes further reveal the complex nature of complicated disorders. The great thing of gene therapy not only Mesothelioma other cancers can also be treated along with diseases like diabetes and diseases related to heart.  

To prevent cancer this is a tremendous breakthrough as it can save lives and give hope to us to live a better and a healthy life!

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